Development of an IoT system for monitoring the operation of a biogas plant

It is well known that the quality of biogas directly affects its energy value and efficiency of use in power plants, as well as determines the profitability of production. However, it can be difficult to identify deviations in the quality of biogas at early stages, especially in industrial conditions, as this requires in-depth knowledge of the physic-chemical characteristics of the gas. As part of this project, an intelligent biogas quality management system was developed using Internet of Things technologies designed to monitor key parameters such as temperature, methane levels and gas humidity. The ESP32 microcontroller, programmed in C, was used as the control module, which collected data from sensors and transferred them to cloud storage. A web application has also been created that provides the user with the ability to remotely monitor and control the system in real time from any device connected to the Internet. The conducted experiment showed that the developed IoT system provides reliable automated control of key biogas parameters (pH, CH₄, H₂S, temperature, etc.) in real time with the possibility of remote control and instant response to critical deviations. The system demonstrated high efficiency in stabilizing fermentation processes and reducing risks associated with the human factor, and also has the potential for further expansion through the introduction of predictive analytics and machine learning.