Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystem Management Strategy in Angke Kapuk Protected Forest, DKI Jakarta

This study analyzes the degradation of mangrove ecosystems in the Angke Kapuk Protected Forest (AKPF) which is influenced by declining water quality, reduced mangrove cover, and weak governance. A mixed-methods approach is used in this study, integrating qualitative and quantitative data for a more comprehensive analysis. Primary data were obtained through direct field observation, including water sampling at three stations with four replications per station performed weekly for one month. Mangrove vegetation data was collected through direct identification based on leaf, root, and stem characteristics, as well as interviews with field officers. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from literature reviews, previous research reports, and official documents from relevant stakeholders. Mangrove land cover analysis was carried out using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery processed with NDVI, allowing the detection of mangrove changes in high resolution. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in pH 8.39–10.94 and salinity 16–26‰ parameters, as well as fluctuations in mangrove cover, which in the range of 2019 to 2022 there was an increase from 18.54 hectares to 21.27 hectares and in the range of 2022-2024 there was a decrease reach 3.01 hectares in area. The main factors that contribute to mangrove degradation include lack of coordination between government agencies, weak law enforcement, ineffective policy implementation, and negative impacts of reclamation. The recommended management strategies include community empowerment, strengthening stakeholder cooperation to minimize environmental impacts, and implementing stricter regulations with strict action against violations to ensure the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems in HLAK.