Chinese Science Bulletin

The transfer of authority from a centralized entity to dis- tributed governance is commonly cited as a key advantage of public blockchains [1]. Recent studies, however, indicate that methods favor- ing more powerful validators are contributing to increased centralization challenges and the emergence of mining pool oligopolies [2]. This paper presents an examination of a technique for monitoring these trends over time, specifically addressing the significant issue of maintaining decen- tralization in the context of a hybrid consensus mechanism. Included in this study are discussions and illustr

Public blockchains intend to give security and protection for user transactions. Nonetheless, episodes of thefts and data leaks could happen at any time [1]. In this paper, we analyze some graph-based attacks that could help us to evaluate such vulnerabilities and how the components of the graphs can be identified in a blockchain network. Finally, we discuss these attack scenarios by providing examples that are based on topological attacks [2] and threat modeling.

The increasing use of 3D printers has heightened the need for sustainable solutions to manage the polymeric waste generated, such as PLA. This study presents the development of an innovative shredder capable of processing 3D printing waste and transforming it into reusable granules for the production process. The project involved the design of a knife mill, adapted for PLA, with blades offset by 30°, ensuring efficient distribution of cutting forces and reducing stress on the components. Critical components, such as blades, shafts, and motor, were dimensioned using precise calculations to det

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped, flagellated, microaerophilic bacterium that selectively colonizes the human stomach. H. pylori is the primary cause of gastritis, which is a risk factor for stomach cancer and plays a significant role in the development of peptic ulcers. Our study compared the two diagnostic methods the stool antigen test and the blood antibody test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. First, we analyzed the prevalence of H. pylori at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC). To compare diagnostic tests, we determined the sensitivity and specificity c

Monitoring and managing natural resources at multiple temporal, multispectral, and multispectral resolutions is made possible by remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A large section of the region has seen environmental degradation in recent decades as a result of human activity and global warming. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) are two examples of geospatial technologies that can be used to extract useful information and data for better understanding and effective environmental monitoring. The uses of GIS and remote sensing in environmental mon